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Memphite Formula
The Memphite Formula was a standardized greeting of First Intermediate Period and early Middle Kingdom Egyptian letters, which fell out of use in the early Twelfth Dynasty.
==Form==
Letters written in the Memphite Formula begin with a greeting from "the servant," the author, to "the lord," the recipient.〔Hayes. (1948) p. 2〕 Use of the third person is strictly observed in the greeting, and can be preserved throughout the entire body of the text, although often in the body of the letter "I" and "you" will be used as well.〔Gunn. (1945) p. 107〕 The symbol for "lord" contains the seated-man hieroglyph, which is often used as the determinative for humans, but can also be used as the possessive pronoun, "my." Accordingly, Alan Gardiner had suggested that greetings from this class of letters be translated "to my lord," in accordance with later Egyptian letters, which often address the recipient in the first person.〔 Battiscombe Gunn countered that if the author of the letter introduced himself in the third person, as "the servant," it would be difficult to switch to the first person in the same sentence, and that the informality of New Kingdom letters should not be read back upon the earlier conventions.〔 Gardiner later accepted this interpretation.〔Gardiner. (1957) p.239〕
Connected to the word "lord" is usually found a common exhortation or blessing, "may he live, be prosperous, be healthy," which is commonly abbreviated l.p.h. in translations for convenience.〔 This blessing is usually understood to be an example of the Egyptian Old Perfective or Stative tense, and one of the few remaining instances where a non first person Stative can be used in an independent clause.〔Allen. (2000) p. 217〕
The Memphite Formula blesses the recipient in the name of Ptah and the principle god of the letter's author.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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